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Published
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Volume-Issue
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Title
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Total: 65 |
02/2010 |
11-9 |
Activation of Aldosterone/Mineralocorticoid
Receptor in Chronic Kidney Disease and
Metabolic Syndrome
TOSHIRO FUJITA, MD, and MIKI NAGASE, MD
Beyond regulation of electrolyte, volume, and blood pressure (BP) homeostasis, aldosterone has recently emerged as a deleterious hormone in the cardiovascular (CV) and renal systems. This issue of Nephrology Rounds examines research findings from our laboratory indicating that the glomerular podocyte is a novel target for aldosterone in the kidney.
CME questionnaire available
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12/2009 |
11-8 |
Anemia in chronic kidney disease and
end-stage renal disease
STEVEN M. BRUNELLI, MD, MSCE, and JEFFREY S. BERNS, MD
Anemia is commonplace among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and endstage renal disease (ESRD), and its prevalence and severity increase with increasing severity of CKD. This issue of Nephrology Rounds reviews the pathogenesis of anemia in kidney disease, and discusses the therapeutic agents, targets, and clinical rationales for the use of these agents in patients with anemia and associated renal disease.
CME questionnaire available
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11/2009 |
11-7 |
Recent Advances in Membranous Nephropathy
LAURENCE H. BECK Jr, MD, PhD
Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a common cause of the nephrotic syndrome in adults. The pathogenesis of MN, as defined in the experimental rat model of Heymann nephritis,
involves antibodies that target antigens on the podocyte foot process and accumulate as immune deposits, activating complement, and leading to sublethal injury of the podocyte, as well as proteinuria.
CME questionnaire available
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11/2009 |
11-6 |
Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies
(ANCAs) in the Long-Term Management of
Wegener Disease: How Should We Use Them?
By ANDREAS HERRLICH, MD, PhD
The diagnostic value of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) in Wegener granulomatosis (WG) and other ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) syndromes is undisputed. Yet, significant controversy remains in the field about how useful ANCA levels are in the prediction of disease relapse and whether they can guide clinicians in treatment decisions.
CME questionnaire available
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10/2009 |
11-5 |
Albuminuria in Renal and
Cardiovascular Disease
JULIE LIN, MD, MPH, FASN
Recent investigations have highlighted the importance of low urinary albumin excretion levels in predicting subsequent cardiovascular (CV) and kidney disease. Although increased albuminuria was recognized as associated with CV risk factors (eg, hypertension, diabetes mellitus [DM] or the metabolic syndrome, and obesity) for several years, it is now perceived to be an independent risk factor for incident CV
disease, even after adjustment for these conditions.
CME questionnaire available
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09/2009 |
11-4 |
Immunosuppressive Strategies in Human Renal Transplantation – Induction Therapy
REZA ABDI, MD, SPENCER MARTIN, PharmD, and STEVEN GABARDI, PharmD, BCPS
Renal transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The short-term outcomes of renal transplantation have dramatically improved over the past several decades; in a large part, this success is due to improvements in immunosuppression and posttransplantation medical care.
CME questionnaire available
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08/2009 |
11-3 |
Vitamin D and Its Role in Chronic Kidney Disease
JIE TANG, MD, MSc
Vitamin D is crucial for a wide variety of organ systems; nevertheless, vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in the general population and especially in those with compromised renal function.
CME questionnaire available
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07/2009 |
11-2 |
BK Virus Nephropathy: A Challenging
Complication in Kidney Transplant Recipients
By WAICHI WONG, MD, and ANIL CHANDRAKER, MBCHB
In the past decade, BK virus (BKV), a human polyomavirus, has been recognized as an
increasing cause of severe kidney allograft dysfunction. This growing incidence correlates
with the use of more potent immunosuppressant medications.
CME questionnaire available
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07/2009 |
11-1 |
The Highly Sensitized Renal Transplant Recipient
By MONICA GRAFALS, MD, and ENVER AKALIN, MD
Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with end-stage renal disease
(ESRD) because it prolongs survival, decreases morbidity, and improves quality of life.
Nevertheless, kidney transplantation is hampered due to decreased organ availability; for
example, as of June 2009, >80,000 individuals in the United States (US) were waiting for a cadaveric renal transplant.
CME questionnaire available
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12/2008 |
10-10 |
Advances in the Etiology and Management of Immune-mediated Glomerulonephritides
By JEREMY S. DUFFIELD, MD, PhD, and AMIR QAMAR, MD
Immune-mediated inflammatory disease of the glomerulus remains a particular challenge for the nephrologist, whether it is limited to the kidney or a part of a multisystem disease. Studies on animal models and the development of new viral detection assays have led to notable advances in our understanding of disease mechanisms in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) and immune-complex glomerulonephritis.
CME questionnaire available
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11/2008 |
10-9 |
The Cardiorenal Syndrome: Nontraditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Renal Disease
By SHONA PENDSE, MD, MMSC
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among patients with endstage renal disease (ESRD). Patients with ESRD have cardiovascular (CV) mortality rates 10- to 20-fold higher than the general population. This increase in CV risk for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and ESRD is multifactorial.
CME questionnaire available
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10/2008 |
10-8 |
Minimal Change Disease
By DANIEL J. BECKER, MD, PhD
Minimal change disease (MCD) is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children, but is less prevalent in adult patients. Light microscopy of the glomerulus usually appears normal in MCD, whereas electron microscopy demonstrates effacement of podocyte foot processes. The pathogenesis of MCD is not well-defined, although there is evidence that T lymphocytes play a role, perhaps via the secretion of a “permeability factor” into the circulation.
CME questionnaire available
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09/2008 |
10-7 |
Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury
By JOSEPH V. BONVENTRE, MD, PhD
The term “acute renal failure” (ARF) has traditionally been used to describe a syndrome with a rapid decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) occurring over a period of hours to weeks as the key feature.
CME questionnaire available
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07/2008 |
10-6 |
Epidemiology, Outcomes, and Diagnosis of Acute Kidney Injury
By SUSHRUT S. WAIKAR, MD, MPH, KATHLEEN D. LIU, MD, PhD, and GLENN M. CHERTOW, MD, MPH
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an increasingly common and potentially catastrophic complication in hospitalized patients. Early observational studies from the 1980s and 1990s established the general epidemiologic features of AKI, including the incidence, prognostic significance, and predisposing medical and surgical conditions.
CME questionnaire available
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05/2008 |
10-5 |
T-Cell Costimulation Blockade: Immunoselective Maintenance Immunosuppression Versus Tolerance Induction in Transplantation
By NADER NAJAFIAN, MD
Transplantation is the only cure for end-stage organ failure. Transplanted tissues are usually recognized by the immune system as foreign and, in the absence of immunosuppression, are rapidly rejected. Transplants between genetically distinct individuals are termed allografts; allograft rejection is orchestrated by the activation of allospecific T cells.
CME questionnaire available
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04/2008 |
10-4 |
Biomarkers for Early Detection of Acute Kidney Injury
By WON K. HAN, MD
For the past 30 years, there have been no major improvements in the mortality rate of hospitalized patients with severe acute kidney injury (AKI), despite advances in supportive care. One key reason is because a change in the serum creatinine (SCr), which has been the standard metric for detection and progression of AKI, is not sufficiently sensitive for an early diagnosis of AKI.
CME questionnaire available
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03/2008 |
10-3 |
Home Hemodialysis
By DAVID CHARYTAN, MD, MSc
Although it is a markedly nonphysiologic approach to renal replacement therapy, a regimen of thrice-weekly hemodialysis sessions of 3-4 hours delivered in-center has emerged as the standard means of delivering chronic hemodialysis in the United States (US) and throughout the developed world.
CME questionnaire available
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02/2008 |
10-2 |
Aristolochic Acid (Chinese-herb)Nephropathy
By HUONG THI BICH TRAN, MD, and LI-LI HSIAO, MD
In recent years, Chinese herbs have gained popularity as alternative health supplements in theWestern world. Nearly 80% of the world’s population use traditional medicine for primary health care (World Health Organization [WHO], 1985). In 2000, the Australian population spent $2.3 billion (AUD) on complementary and alternative medical (CAM) treatments, nearly 4 times the public payments for all pharmaceuticals.
CME questionnaire available
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01/2008 |
10-1 |
Vascular Access for Hemodialysis
By DIRK M. HENTSCHEL, MD
According to the most recent United States Renal Data System (USRDS) data collection, in 2005, there were 341,319 prevalent dialysis patients. Over 90% of these patients received hemodialysis, necessitating an arteriovenous fistula (AVF), arteriovenous graft (AVG), or tunneled catheter (TC) to provide access to high-volume blood flow.
CME questionnaire available
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12/2007 |
9-10 |
Diabetes Mellitus and End-Stage Renal Disease:
Current organ replacement options
By SAYEED MALEK, MD, FACS and STEFAN G. TULLIUS, MD, PhD
Diabetes mellitus represents one of the leading current health concerns, affecting approximately 7.0% of the population in the United States (US). There were 1.5 million new cases of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and Type 2 DM (T2DM) diagnosed in 2005 in patients aged ?20 years.
CME questionnaire available
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11/2007 |
9-9 |
Making the Case for Peritoneal Dialysis
By J. KEVIN TUCKER, MD
In 2004, there were approximately 310,000 prevalent patients receiving hemodialysis (HD) in the United States (US) compared with 25,765 patients who were receiving peritoneal dialysis(PD). Thus, only about 8% of patients with endstage renal disease (ESRD) in the US were receiving PD as renal replacement therapy (RRT), whereas in Canada, the United Kingdom, and continental Europe, the numbers were much greater.
CME questionnaire available
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10/2007 |
9-8 |
Treatment of IgA Nephropathy in Adults
By STEPHEN I-HONG HSU, MD, PhD
Primary or idiopathic immunoglobulin A nephropathy (pIgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide. Definitive diagnosis of pIgAN is based on a single criterion – histologic evidence of predominant mesangial deposition of IgA by immunofluorescence.
CME questionnaire available
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09/2007 |
9-7 |
Update on HIV-associated Nephropathy
By ANDY I. CHOI, MD, MAS; ANN M. O’HARE, MD, MA; and RUDOLPH RODRIGUEZ, MD
Since its discovery 25 years ago, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has become a worldwide pandemic. In the United States (US) alone, over a million persons were living with HIV and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) at the end of 2003.
CME questionnaire available
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06/2007 |
9-6 |
Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis:
What Nephrologists Need to Know
By DERRICK J. TODD, MD, PhD
Until recently, systemic fibrosing conditions have represented only a small niche in the spectrum of diseases encountered by nephrologists. In the last 10 years, however, a new disease entity has emerged: nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF).
CME questionnaire available
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05/2007 |
9-5 |
Treatment of the Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion and the Emergence of Vasopressin Antagonists for Hyponatremic Disorders
By TOMAS BERL, MD
Since the original description of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), its treatment has posed a challenge to physicians. The recognition that hyponatremia, the hallmark of the disorder, is primarily a consequence of water retention mediated by the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), led to attempts to inhibit the secretion of this hormone.
CME questionnaire available
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04/2007 |
9-4 |
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis: The
Need for Improved Treatment Options and
the Basis for the Ongoing NIH Clinical Trial**
By JOHN MIDDLETON MD, DAVID B. THOMAS MD, and FREDERICK KASKEL MD, PHD, and THE FOCAL SEGMENTAL GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS CLINICAL TRIAL STEERING COMMITTEE: G. APPEL, R. FINE, A. FRIEDMAN, J. GASSMAN, T. GREENE, D. GIPSON, R. HOGG, M. MOXEY-MIMS,* H. TRACHTMAN, S. WATKINS, N. SIEGEL**
A recent report by Strippoli et al revealed that the number and quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in nephrology was less than those from all of the other 13 major subspecialties in internal medicine and ranked in the third lowest proportion of RCT citations.
CME questionnaire available
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03/2007 |
9-3 |
Cardiovascular Risk In Adult Kidney Transplant Patients
By WOLFGANG C. WINKELMAYER, MD, SCD, MPH, FASN
More than 140,000 patients are living with a functioning kidney transplant in the United States. Although kidney transplantation confers relatively longer survival compared with any of the dialysis modalities, the life expectancy of kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) remains lower than that of the age- and sex-matched general population.
CME questionnaire available
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02/2007 |
9-2 |
Nephrocalcinosis, Oral Sodium Phosphate Solution, and Phosphate Nephropathy
By ELIOT C. HEHER, MD, HELMUT G. RENNKE, MD, and BENJAMIN D. HUMPHREYS, MD, PhD
Nephrocalcinosis, a syndrome of renal parenchymal calcification, is associated with both acute and chronic kidney disease. Traditionally seen in patients with hypercalciuric disorders, medullary sponge kidney, or tumor lysis syndrome, recent reports have documented nephrocalcinosis following bowel preparation with oral sodium phosphate solution (OSPS), in a syndrome termed phosphate nephropathy.
CME questionnaire available
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01/2007 |
9-1 |
Controversies in Blood Pressure
By JOHN P. FORMAN, MD, MSc.
Clinicians caring for patients with hypertension must determine how and how aggressively to treat this disease. Forty years ago, with the publication of the first randomized trial in individuals with essential hypertension, clinicians were encouraged to use thiazide diuretics to treat patients whose diastolic blood pressures (DBPs) were ³115 mm Hg.
CME questionnaire available
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12/2006 |
8-10 |
Critical Care Nephrology: Acute Renal Failure in the Intensive Care Unit
By ELISABETH D. RIVIELLO, MD, and KENNETH B. CHRISTOPHER, MD
Despite technical advancements in the management of acute renal failure (ARF) over the last 50 years, critically-ill patients with ARF continue to demonstrate high mortality rates. From 1970 to 2004, the mortality of patients with ARF in the intensive care unit (ICU) remained unchanged at nearly 50%.
CME questionnaire available
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11/2006 |
8-9 |
An Update on Systemic Lupus
Erythematosus-Related Kidney Disease
By COLM C. MAGEE, MD, MPH
Renal disease is a common complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It can affect the kidney as glomerulonephritis, tubulointerstitial nephritis, and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS), manifestations that may occur alone or together.
CME questionnaire available
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10/2006 |
8-8 |
Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Diabetic Nephropathy
By ALICE M. SHERIDAN, MD
Every year, 40% of the patients who start on dialysis have diabetic nephropathy as the cause of their end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The mortality of dialysis patients with diabetic nephropathy is higher than that for non-diabetic patients.
CME questionnaire available
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09/2006 |
8-7 |
Radiocontrast Nephropathy
By ALVARO ALONSO, MD, and MARK J. SARNAK, MD, MS
Radiographic contrast media is the third most common cause of hospitalacquired acute renal failure (ARF), accounting for approximately 11% of cases. Almost half of these are secondary to cardiac catheterization (49%), with the remainder due to computed tomography (CT) (33%) and miscellaneous procedures.
CME questionnaire available
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06/2006 |
8-6 |
Renal Complications of Hematopoietic
Stem Cell Transplantation
By BENJAMIN D. HUMPHREYS, MD, PhD
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) offers curative potential in the treatment of both malignant and nonmalignant disorders of lymphohematopoiesis. Over the last two decades, advances in graft matching, expanded donor registries, better post-graft immunosuppression, and improved management of infectious complications have fueled dramatic growth in these transplants.
CME questionnaire available
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05/2006 |
8-5 |
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
By JULIE LIN, MD, MPH
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a leading cause of adult nephrotic syndrome. On microscopy, there is scarring (sclerosis) in some glomeruli (focal) that involve only a portion (segment) of the glomerulus.
CME questionnaire available
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04/2006 |
8-4 |
Renal Artery Stenosis
By MELANIE GREENAN, MD, and LANCE DWORKIN, MD
Stenosis in one or both main renal arteries or their branches can lead to hypertension that may be difficult to control and/or chronic kidney disease (CKD) that can progress to end-stage renal failure.
CME questionnaire available
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03/2006 |
8-3 |
Bone Disease in the Renal Transplant Patient
By JEAN E. MULDER, M.D., and MERYL S. LEBOFF, M.D.
Since the first renal transplant at Brigham and Womens Hospital, by Dr. Joseph Murray in 1954, survival of patients with kidney disease has increased dramatically, however, there are long-term consequences associated with renal transplantation that affect skeletal health.
CME questionnaire available
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02/2006 |
8-2 |
Clinical Implications of Glomerular Filtration
Rate (GFR) Estimating Equations
By LESLEY A. STEVENS, MD, and ANDREW S. LEVEY, MD
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem that is increasing in incidence and prevalence and associated with poor outcomes and high costs.
CME questionnaire available
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01/2006 |
8-1 |
Diagnosis and Management of Stone Disease
By ERIC N. TAYLOR, MD, and GARY C. CURHAN, MD, SCD
Kidney stones are a major cause of morbidity. The lifetime prevalence of symptomatic urolithiasis is approximately 10% in men and 5% in women and more than $2 billion is spent on treatment each year. Notably, incidence rates of stone disease are rising in the US and other countries. Prompt diagnosis and individualized intervention are required to reduce the morbidity and expense of stone disease.
CME questionnaire available
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12/2005 |
7-10 |
The Cytokine Network in Acute Renal Failure
By BERTRAND L. JABER, MD
Over the past decade, primarily in experimental models, considerable gains have been made in deciphering the critical role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of acute renal failure (ARF). These gains notwithstanding, the therapeutic goal of preventing and successfully reversing ARF in humans remains unfulfilled.
CME questionnaire available
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11/2005 |
7-9 |
Pregnancy and the Kidney
By FRANKLIN H. EPSTEIN, M.D., S. ANANTH KARUMANCHI, M.D.
Approximately 5% of pregnancies are affected by preeclampsia, making it one of the most common complications of pregnancy. This issue of Nephrology Rounds discusses the functions of the kidney in normal pregnancy and presents an overview of the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, complications, and management of preeclampsia.
CME questionnaire available
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10/2005 |
7-8 |
Late Allograft Dysfunction: An Ongoing Problem in Kidney Transplantation
By KARL L. WOMER, M.D. and MOHAMED H. SAYEGH, M.D., F.A.H.A., F.A.S.N.
Renal allograft failure is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease in the renal transplant population beyond the early post-transplantation period1 and accounts for nearly 20% of patients on the kidney waiting list.
CME questionnaire available
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09/2005 |
7-7 |
Chronic Kidney Disease and Risk of Adverse Outcomes
BY ALAN S. GO, MD AND CHI-YUAN HSU, MD, MSC
Clinical research in nephrology has historically focused primarily on patients who suffer from end-stage renal disease (ie, dialysis or kidney transplant patients) or individuals with specific disease entities (eg, membranous nephropathy).
CME questionnaire available
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07/2005 |
7-6 |
New Horizons in Renal Transplantation
By ANTJE HABICHT, MD, AND MICHAEL R. CLARKSON, MD
The introduction of more potent immunosuppressive medications over the last two decades has heralded a significant improvement in short - t e rm renal allograft survival rates. Nevertheless, these new drugs are associated with a plethora of side effects, including nephrotoxicity and a heightened risk of cardiovascular disease, opportunistic infection, and malignancy.
CME questionnaire available
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05/2005 |
7-5 |
Iron Therapy in Chronic Kidney Disease
By BRADLEY M. DENKER, MD
Iron is essential for a wide variety of metabolic processes and is required for erythropoietin to effectively stimulate red blood cell production. However, iron (Fe) in solution is potentially highly toxic to vital cell structures and numerous mechanisms have evolved to minimize free iron, yet provide adequate supplies for heme-protein production.
CME questionnaire available
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04/2005 |
7-4 |
The Clinical Application of Recent Advances in Salt and Water Physiology
By ALICE M. SHERIDAN, MD
The regulated excretion of water by the kidney requires a complex interplay of signaling-mediated changes in collecting duct water permeability and the generation and maintenance of a driving force for water reabsorption.
CME questionnaire available
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03/2005 |
7-3 |
Steroid Minimization in Renal Transplant Recipients
By ANIL CHANDRAKER, MB, MRCP
The year 2004 marked the 50th anniversary of what is considered to be the beginning of the modern era of kidney transplantation. The first series of transplants were carried out between identical twins at the Brigham and Womens Hospital without the requirement of immunosuppression therapy.
CME questionnaire available
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02/2005 |
7-2 |
Strategies For Renoprotection: 2005
By KAMBIZ ZANDI-NEJAD, MD, and BARRY M. BRENNER, MD
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common and, in advanced cases, highly morbid disorder. An estimated 20 million people in the United States (U.S.) suffer from CKD,1 as defined by the new guidelines of The National Kidney Foundation.
CME questionnaire available
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01/2005 |
7-1 |
Acid-Base Disturbances and the Central Nervous System
By JULIAN L. SEIFTER, M.D.
Neurologic dysfunction is a common sequela of both systemic and cerebral acidbase disturbances. The central nervous system (CNS) plays a pivotal role in determining the nature and extent of systemic compensation for both respiratory and metabolic disturbances.
CME questionnaire available
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12/2004 |
6-10 |
Dyslipidemia in End-Stage Renal Disease
By JOHN KEVIN TUCKER, M.D.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and the risk of cardiovascular events is increased among all patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
CME questionnaire available
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11/2004 |
6-9 |
Vascular Calcification
By SHARON M. MOE, MD and NEAL X. CHEN, PhD
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality compared to the general population due to both an increase in the prevalence of traditional Framingham risk factors and uremic-specific factors.
CME questionnaire available
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10/2004 |
6-8 |
Molecular Mechanisms of Polycystic Kidney Disease
BY JING ZHOU, MD, PHD
Polycystic kidney diseases comprise a group of genetically heterogeneous traits, the most common being autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD).
CME questionnaire available
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09/2004 |
6-7 |
Homocysteine and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Kidney Disease
BY JAMES S. KAUFMAN, M.D.
Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease. Besides traditional risk factors, elevated homocysteine levels have been implicated as a cause of accelerated atherosclerosis in these patients.
CME questionnaire available
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06/2004 |
6-6 |
Immunosuppression
By CHARLES B. CARPENTER, M.D.
Deliberate attempts to interfere with a patients immune system were not realistically considered
until the transplantation era began in the 1950s.
CME questionnaire available
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05/2004 |
6-5 |
Approach to the Patient with Asymptomatic Isolated Hematuria
By DAVID J. SALANT, MD
Patients of any age may have asymptomatic-isolated hematuria (AIH). It may present as frank blood on micturition or as an unsuspected finding on routine urinalysis. It may arise from a trivial self-limited lesion or represent the only sign of a serious underlying condition.
CME questionnaire available
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04/2004 |
6-4 |
Diet and the Prevention of Kidney Stones
By GARY C. CURHAN, MD, SCD
Nephrolithiasis is a frequent, painful, costly, and increasingly prevalent condition. Although substantial strides have been made in the past two decades in the urologic approach to treatment and removal of existing stones, important new information on stone prevention has also appeared.
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03/2004 |
6-3 |
Erythropoietin: From Bench to Bedside
By BRADLEY M. DENKER, MD
The development of erythropoietin (EPO) for the correction of anemia in chronic kidney disease is a dramatic example of how discoveries in basic science can lead to new paradigms for improving patient care and quality of life.
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02/2004 |
6-2 |
Low Nephron Number: Initial Hit in Adult Hypertension and Renal Disease
By VALERIE A. LUYCKX , MD and BARRY M. BRENNER, MD
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) may result from acute destruction of normal renal parenchyma or, more commonly, from a slow insidious spiral of chronic ongoing renal parenchymal injury.
CME questionnaire available
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01/2004 |
6-1 |
Hereditary Disorders of Potassium
By DAVID B. MOUNT, MD, FRCPC
Hereditary disorders of serum potassium are a vivid demonstration of the ability of modern medical science to elucidate the molecular basis of disease.
CME questionnaire available
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12/2003 |
5-6 |
Renal Aspects of Fabry Disease
By DAVID G. WARNOCK, M.D.
Renal involvement with azotemia and proteinuria are prominent features of Fabry disease, a multi-system disorder that commonly resulted in death in affected males during their 5th decade before the advent of dialysis and transplantation.
CME questionnaire available
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11/2003 |
5-5 |
Acute Coronary Syndrome in Chronic Kidney Disease
By JOHN P. FORMAN, M.D., and AJAY K. SINGH, M.D.
The acute coronary syndrome (ACS) accounts for approximately 20% of all cardiovascular deaths in patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD).
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10/2003 |
5-4 |
Attaining Renoprotection by Targeting the Renin-Angiotensin System
By BARRY M. BRENNER, M.D.
The leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in many industrialized nations is diabetic nephropathy, a trend that is expected to accelerate in the next two decades.
CME questionnaire available
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09/2003 |
5-3 |
Inherited Podocytopathies: Recent Advances in Understanding Proteinuric Renal Disease
By MARTIN R. POLLAK, MD
Recent studies of Mendelian forms of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and childhood nephrotic syndrome (NS) have provided new insights into the mechanism of these related diseases.
CME questionnaire available
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06/2003 |
5-2 |
Renal Dysfunction Associated with Herbal Remedies and Dietary Supplements
By STEVEN GABARDI, PHARM.D., CHERYL CORMIER, PHARM.D., JENNIFER CINA, PHARM.D.,
VALERIE A. LUYCKX, M.D.
In 1990, Americans spent more than $27 billion on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), two-thirds of which was spent on herbs, non-herbal supplements, and vitamins (collectively referred to as dietary supplements).
CME questionnaire available
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05/2003 |
5-1 |
Medical Management of Renal Transplant Recipients
COLM C. MAGEE, MD
Long-term cadaveric and living donor renal allograft survival continues to improve. This reflects many factors, including lower rates of acute rejection (mainly due to better immunosuppressive regimens), better antimicrobial prophylaxis, and probably, improvements in general medical and surgical care.
CME questionnaire available
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Total: 65 |
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